What's the Difference between a Knife Gate and a Slide Gate? | Vortex

Valve suppliers often receive quote requests for a “knife gate” when what a company is really looking for is a “slide gate” for dry bulk material handling. As often as the two terms are intermingled, a knife gate and a slide gate are NOT the same.  A knife gate valve is a component that utilizes a blade to cut through clogging of heavy liquids; whereas a slide gate valve is a component utilizing a slide plate in order to better manipulate or control the flow of dry bulk material.

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Knife Gates are to cut through thick liquids and gases

Knife gate valves were originally designed for use in the pulp and paper industry.  Utilizing a sharp, beveled edge, a knife gate was ideally designed to cut through the stringy pulp encountered in the pulp and paper industries. The benefits of knife gates also include that they are easy to actuate and cheap to produce. As a result, use of knife gate valves quickly expanded into numerous other markets, including wastewater treatment, oil and gas, mining, and power, in a short period of time. Knife gate valves became advantageous in sludge and slurry applications because their blades can cut right through thick liquids easily.

Today, a knife gate valve can be found in many processing plants. They are available in large sizes to better handle thick flows of heavy oils, light grease, slurry, paper pulp, varnish, and wastewater.  However it is important to note that knife gate valves have low-pressure limitations.

Even though knife gates handle liquids and gases well, their utility is greatly diminished when used in dry bulk applications. The knife gate is designed to seat the blade into an elastomer seal after the blade cuts through the material.  Thick liquids easily glide over these soft seals with no interference.  In contrast, when a powder or a solid passes through a knife gate, the dry bulk material packs into the soft seals against the end of the gate.  The seals become abraded and, over time, the blade will not close tightly.  This prevents positive air and material shutoff.  The knife gate starts to leak material dust.

In both situations, you will need to replace the knife gate’s seals once it begins to dust, and depending on the valve and its placement, it may be necessary to remove the entire valve out of the system line to replace the seals. This can be cumbersome as knife gates are generally constructed of heavy metal cast iron. The weight of the valve makes it very difficult to maintain while in place, or to replace.  Further, removal of a knife gate for maintenance purposes will result in downtime, decreased production and negatively impact revenue streams.

Slide Gates are to shut off dry material flow

Unlike common knife gates, a slide gate is a component that fits into a system specifically engineered to handle dry bulk powders, pellets, and granules.  Slide gate valves are linear motion valves in which a flat plate slides into the flow stream to provide a shut-off of material or air. The gate can close or open the slide plate on a moving column of material at all times. The slide plate of the gate is not, in most applications, open or exposed to people.  Thus, when used as designed and instructed, this type of valve is inherently safe to perform what it was designed to do.  A slide plate provides no risk or hazard to the operator inside the system so long as the operator is following proper Lockout/Tagout procedures and has disabled any pneumatic sources.

A slide gate utilizes a stainless steel, rectangular slide plate to shut off or open the flow of dry material. The slide plate actuates between two, compression-loaded, hard polymer plates. In the closed position, the compression load on the blade prevents the dry bulk material and the conveying air from escaping through the valve or into the plant’s atmosphere. Because knife gates do not have hard polymer plates to seal the blade during actuation, a cavity is created where material dust will accumulate. The slide gate valve also “self-cleans” material from the seat on each stroke of the slide plate to prevent bridging or packing of material.

The slide gate’s hard polymer seals compensate for wear unlike the knife gate.  Once a knife gate’s seals wear, they start to leak and must be replaced.  The hard polymer seals are reinforced by a compressed, hard rubber backing. As a slide gate experiences frictional wear to the hard polymer seals from many actuations over time, the rubber backing ensures the hard polymer seals are constantly being forced against the slide plate.

At some point, the hard polymer seals will wear to a degree that even the compressed rubber backing begins to lose its effectiveness. Rather than replacing the polymer seal plates right away, the Orifice Gate valve features a patented shimming system. By simply loosening the bolts and removing shim(s) along each lateral aspect of the gate, the bolts can be re-tightened and the gate’s compression load will be restored. Should the Orifice Gate valve ever need to be removed from the conveying line, its modular construction is lightweight when compared to cast knife gates.

However, a slide gate is not designed to seal liquids. When the slide plate closes, it seats into a polymer seal that has no cavity.  Hence, the liquid will find the path of least resistance and trickle through any opening.  A slide gate is not bubble tight and will leak any liquids that are being conveyed.  In contrast, a knife gate contains an elastomer o-ring seal or urethane o-ring seal packed into the seat, so the liquid is displaced.

When quoting a valve for your facility, consult your valve manufacturer to find out if a knife gate or a slide gate is the best valve for the material that you are handling.  The dialogue that you have with your manufacturer can help you select the correct valve the first time, saving you replacement costs later.

Vortex Slide Gates Designed for Dry Bulk Materials

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In looking at the valves to use, there are many options to select from. Check valves, simple port valves, serve as reliable devices to shut off the flow of the fluid. Butterfly valves, which consist of a rod and disc, are highly effective in regulating flow. Ball valves, with a sphere in the center, stop the flow in a system quickly and effectively.

One of the most powerful tools in the industrial world is the pneumatic knife gate valve. A powerful tool used for several purposes, the valve serves a vital role in systems where the fluid contains a high volume of suspended solids. Coming in a range of sizes with many different knife gate valve dimensions, there are many diverse forms of the valve. This valve has many advantages with only very minimal disadvantages.

What Is a Knife Gate Valve

A pneumatic knife gate valve is, in the simplest terms, a valve with a sharpened blade in the center used for cutting through thick liquids. The valve is used for shutting systems off and is not intended as a fluid regulator, though it can fill that role under certain circumstances. While pneumatic knife gate valves come in many forms, the sturdiest on the market is the stainless steel knife gate with reduced damage from corrosion.

Knife gate valves were initially devised for use in the paper pulp industry, dating back as far as . The devices were created in response to the increasing need for a low-cost valve in pulp stock operations. The valves have their origins in the United States, although one of the most popular variations, the guided shear knife gate valve, was developed in Switzerland. Today, the devices are used internationally.

Knife gate valves appear in a wide variety of operations. They remain highly valued in the pulp and paper industry but have expanded significantly to appear in other industries. They’re prevalent in wastewater, where a stainless steel knife gate valve is a necessity in handling corrosive material. The valves are also used in the petroleum industry.

How Does It Work

A knife gate valve operates very simply with an actuator installed to open and shut the valve, a piston presses and lifts the blade up and down. The gate operates efficiently as the blade fully retracts in the open position, allowing a nearly complete flow. The sharp blade effectively cuts through viscous material though it requires a liquid suspension for the particles, as solid material will damage the blade.

The Types of Knife Gate Valves

There are multiple forms for this relatively simple valve. These variations include different types of blades, stems, and seats—all form solidly dependable devices.

Knife gate valves come in a wide array of materials. While stainless steel knife gate valves are preferred, other materials perform the job appreciably. Carbon steel is a highly prized choice for industrial facilities due to its high hardness and tensile value, making it ideal for high-temperature/pressure situations. Cast iron, ductile iron, and various other forms of steel are among the alternatives available.

There are different types of seats for the valve too. Metal seats have been the most traditionally used. Still, they have the limitation of impurities like sand and pebbles getting trapped in the bore of the valve, which is impossible to remove. With resilient seating, which consists of a compound in the valve, that problem is removed. If particles get trapped in the valve when it shuts, they are released when it opens again.

Finally, a knife gate valve has two different types of stems. Both are threaded stems that connect to the actuator. The first is a rising stem connecting to the gate, which rises and falls with the gate. This provides a visual sign of where the gate is as the actuator rotates around it. In a non-rising stem, the gate’s motion is concealed within the actuator and rises and requires a visual indicator to show the position of the gate. These are common underground.

The Problem of Water Hammer

The biggest problem knife gate valves face is the susceptibility to water hammer, which occurs when a pressure surge hits a hydraulic system. This happens when there’s a sudden change in direction in the fluids, leading to intense vibrations, which can damage the system.

Water hammer is a problem for knife gate valves as they must be used either fully open or fully closed and thus not used as a pressure regulator valve like a butterfly valve unless specially designed. When in a partial state, they experience vibrations. The devices also open and close slowly to guard against this problem, avoiding creating the sudden surges that make a water hammer.

Our Knife Gate Valves

Valtorc proudly offers a wide selection of knife gate valves in various options. We offer carbon steel, cast iron, ductile steel, and stainless steel knife gate valves. For operation options, we have actuation, gearbox, and manual for your valve needs. We also offer both metal and resilient seating to suit your needs. Several knife gate valve dimensions serve every need you have, from small to large valves.